LINGI2401 - 1. Introduction and history

class: center, middle

# LINGI 2401 : Open Source strategy for software development

???
This is a new course. And I'm a new teacher. So thanks for being an beta tester.

---
class: center, middle
# Lecturer
Lionel Dricot
lionel.dricot@uclouvain.be
lionel@ploum.net

@ploum - @ploum@mamot.fr

???
I'm required to give this course in English

---
class: center, middle

# What is free software?
2 minutes

---
class: center, middle

# Understanding, using, contributing to free software
- Companies are looking for open source talents
- A good GitHub account is the best CV
- Most applications use lot of open source tools and libraries

---
class: center, middle

# Market university

---
class: center, middle

# Why are we here?

???
ask and draw on the board

---
class: center, middle

# What is freedom?
2 minutes

---
class: center, middle

# Do you like optimisation problems?

---
class: center, middle
![image](https://github.com/ploum/lingi2401/raw/master/images/diesel1.png)

---
class: center, middle
![image](https://github.com/ploum/lingi2401/raw/master/images/diesel2.png)

---
class: center, middle
![image](https://github.com/ploum/lingi2401/raw/master/images/diesel3.png)

???
Video to watch: https://media.ccc.de/v/32c3-7331-the_exhaust_emissions_scandal_dieselgate#video&t=3589
by "Felix "tmbinc" Domke"

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affaire_Volkswagen

It will kill 2000 people https://news.mit.edu/2017/volkswagen-emissions-premature-deaths-europe-0303

---
class: center, middle

# James Liang

???
VW Engineer sentenced to 3 years in prison.

---
class: center, middle

*"This was a couple of software engineers who put this in for whatever reason,"*

Michael Horn, VW America CEO, testifying before US Congress

???
http://blog.cleancoder.com/uncle-bob/2015/10/14/VW.html

---
class: center, middle

# It's only the beginning

Killer drones, AI populated kill lists, self driving cars,…

---
class: center, middle

#What code are you ready to do to keep your job?
Or for money, fame, power and a company car…

???
Or for prison and sleepless night

---
class: center, middle

#What code will you be ashamed about?

???
What code will keep you up at night
---
class: center, middle

# You are not a cog in the market machine
Market university is political bullshit

???
I'm not here to make you a better employee. 
We don't need workers, we need empowered citizens

---
class: center, middle

#With great power comes great responsibility
Software is power

???
You have the opportunity to become more powerful than a lot of other. So you must learn to disobey.

---
class: center, middle

# Humboldtian university VS market university

???
I'm here to share my experience. I'm also here to enable you share yours.
This is not a math course. There's no single truth.

---
class: center, middle

# This was an introduction
- But I hope you will keep it in my mind during the year.
- Next some administrative talks
- Then we start with the history of free software
---
class: center, middle
# Subjects we will discuss
- Licenses
- Business models
- Community
- Political aspects
- Security and privacy
- Interoperability and standards
- Decentralisation
- Introduction to Bitcoin and blockchain (if time permits)

---
class: center, middle

#LINGI 2401: the lessons
- Every Tuesday 8:30AM
- Myself or an external speaker and you.
- Slides with notes to be published on github.com/ploum/lingi2401
- Open to contributions (remarkJS): pay forward!
- Open to suggestions: what do you want to learn?

???
Presence required when it's an external speaker. By respect for her/him.
---
class: center, middle

#Suggest and invite your own external speakers

???
Assignment: do some research about OpenCollective

---
class: center, middle

#Reference material
Producing Open Source Software, by Karl Fogel

???
available for free online. https://producingoss.com
First year I use it as a ref material

---
class: center, middle

#LINGI 2401: the project
- Small contribution to an existing open source project
- Report documenting your contribution and the process (markdown format, should not be long)
- Deadline : 2 weeks before blocus
- 5 minutes to present it to the class

---
class: center, middle

#The easy way to complete the project
- Choose your open source project now or next week
- Validate it with me
- Start a blank file for the report
- Make your contribution while writing the report as a journal

---
class: center, middle
#The realistic way to complete the project
- Realise there was a project 3 days before the deadline
- Write an email that looks like you were working on it for weeks but forgot to request my approval
- Try to make a contribution in one night
- Write the report after a white night and send it 3 hours after the deadline
- Realise that the title contains the random string "xsojz"

---
class: center, middle
# LINGI 2401: the online platform

- We have an official Moodle (but I didn't use it last year)
- You can invite me on the unofficial forum/facebook/whatever
- We can also use the GitHub project with ticket for questions

---
class: center, middle
# LINGI 2401: the exam
- Face to face meeting
- You will have your computer, Internet and everything you want.
- Let's design the exam together!

???
Don't try to pretend you will study early. How can I make it fair?
---
class: center, middle
# LINGI 2402
- 5 credits for contributing to an open-source projects
- 2401 is only a warm-up
- See Obo and Yde for more informations
- I'm here to help you succeed with 2402

---
class: center, middle

# First assignment
- Choose the open source project you will contribute to

???
What are ideas of open source projects you would like to contribute?

---
class: center, middle

#Itch to scratch
- The project should be something you use
- The contribution should be a fix you want to see badly
- Should be something outside of your confort zone

???
No internal UCL projects or personal project.

---
class: center, middle

#How to validate my project?
- Submit a new file to ploum/lingi2401/projects/projects_20\*\*-\*\*
- If I merge it, then it's accepted

---
class: center, middle

#Questions?

---
class: center, middle

#History of free software
To put a bit of context

---
class: center, middle
#At first, every software were free
- Mostly academic
- Cost was the hardware
- Modifications were required for every hardware

---
class: center, middle
#Commercial software vs hackers
- Software cost money
- Source code is copyrighted
- Hobbyists or hackers were still exchanging source code
- Remember: no Internet

---
class: center, middle
background-image: url(https://github.com/ploum/lingi2401/raw/master/images/xerox9700.jpg)
#Xerox 9700
???
In 1980, a new printer was installed in the AI departement of the MIT

---
class: center, middle
background-image: url(https://github.com/ploum/lingi2401/raw/master/images/young_rms.png)
???
This guy had modified the software on the previous printer so you were notified when your print was done (because most people worked on a different floor than the printer). He realised he could not do it anymore with the new printer because the software was copyrighted and no source code were available.
---
class: center, middle
background-image: url(https://github.com/ploum/lingi2401/raw/master/images/rms.png)
#Richard Stallman
???
Founder of the Free Software movement
---
class: center, middle
#Free Software philosophy
- People should be free
- So software should be free too
- So non-free software are unethical
- Software is not the meal, it's the recipe
---
class: center, middle
#Free as in free speech
- Free to use
- Free to study
- Free to modify
- Free to redistribute
---
class: center, middle
# What is freedom?
Free to use your own definition of freedom

???
My personal take: free to use means that it should be usable. Something that is not user-friendly enough (for instance) is not very free to use in a certain way.
---
class: center, middle
#GNU is Not Unix
- Free operating system
- Lot of tools but still no kernel
- GNU/GPL in 1989 by RMS and Eben Moglen
- GNU/Hurd in 1990
---
    From: torvalds@klaava.Helsinki.FI (Linus Benedict Torvalds)
    Newsgroups: comp.os.minix
    Subject: What would you like to see most in minix?
    Summary: small poll for my new operating system
    Message-ID: <1991Aug25.205708.9541@klaava.Helsinki.FI>
    Date: 25 Aug 91 20:57:08 GMT
    Organization: University of Helsinki
    
    Hello everybody out there using minix –
    
    I’m doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won’t be big and
    professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. This has been brewing
    since april, and is starting to get ready. I’d like any feedback on
    things people like/dislike in minix, as my OS resembles it somewhat
    (same physical layout of the file-system (due to practical reasons)
    among other things).
    
    I’ve currently ported bash(1.08) and gcc(1.40), and things seem to work.
    This implies that I’ll get something practical within a few months, and
    I’d like to know what features most people would want. Any suggestions
    are welcome, but I won’t promise I’ll implement them 🙂
    
    Linus (torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi)
    
    PS. Yes – it’s free of any minix code, and it has a multi-threaded fs.
    It is NOT protable (uses 386 task switching etc), and it probably never
    will support anything other than AT-harddisks, as that’s all I have :-(.
---
class: center, middle
#Linux
???
1991, based on Minix
---
class: center, middle
#GNU/Linux
---
class: center, middle
#Linux distributions
- SLS (Softlanding Linux System) : 1992
- Slackware : 1993
- Debian : 1993
- …
- Ubuntu : 2004
???
For the first time, individuals were able to have a free operating system on the home computer.
---
class: center, middle
#Open Source Initiative
- Eric Raymond and Bruce Perens in 1998
- Free software is too political
- Business are afraid of free software
- Let's say Open Source instead of Free Software
---
class: center, middle
#Open Source philosophy
- Open Source is the best way to develop complex software
- It's the only way for really complex software
- The Cathedral and the Bazaar

---
class: center, middle
# Free Software vs Open Source
- Free software because it's better for humans, even if software are less good.
- Open source because it's better for software development.

- Free software won't compromise. Non-free software are to be avoided.
- Open source looks for compromises and may even help proprietary software.

???
Still ongoing war of terms; in practice and for most people, it refers to the same thing.
---
class: center, middle
# FLOSS
Free Libre Open Source Software
---
class: center, middle
# Discussion time